What is the term for the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment?

The term for the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment is best reflected by the concept of ecology. Ecology specifically focuses on how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings, including the relationships within ecosystems and the impact of environmental factors on these relationships. While biology is the overarching science that encompasses the study of all living organisms and their various characteristics, ecology zeroes in on the specific interactions between organisms and their environments. This makes ecology the most accurate answer in the context of the question.

In contrast, botany and zoology are sub-disciplines of biology. Botany focuses specifically on plant life, while zoology concentrates on animal life. These fields delve into the attributes, behaviors, and classifications of plants and animals but do not inherently include the broader scope of interactions with the environment that ecology emphasizes.